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Ritmo bellunese
The ''Ritmo bellunese'' or ''Cantilena bellunese'' is a brief vernacular Italian passage in an anonymous fragment of a medieval Latin chronicle of events in the history of Belluno between 1183 and 1196. From ''circa'' 1198, it is the earliest securely datable text in an Italian vernacluar.〔Ireneo Sanesi dated it no later than 1196, cf. Angelo Monteverdi, "''Melius est submergi quam mori'': Storia di un motto satirico del sec. XII",''Giornale storico della letteratura italiana'', 90:268/269 (1927), 209.〕 It is preserved in manuscript in the Catalogo de Vescovi (bishops' catalogue) of the Museo Civico (civic museum) in Belluno.
The ''Ritmo'' consists in a single hendecasyllabic quatrain surrounded by prose. The German historian Phillipp August Becker argued that it was not in fact verse, and Carlo Salvioni believed it was composed of alexandrines. It is not strictly syllabic, but the rhyme scheme is clear.〔Giulio Bertoni, "La più antica versificazione italiana", ''Giornale storico della letteratura italiana'', 113:339 (1939), 260.〕 It forms part of the narration of the war Belluno and its ally Feltre waged against Treviso, in which they acquired territory in the proximity of the latter (1193). There is no transition between prose and verse, nor between Latin and vernacular. The four lines describe the destruction of Casteldardo, a Trevisan outpost near Trichiana, which was dismantled and its parts thrown into the river Ardo. The capture of six Trevisan knights is also boasted:
Linguistically, the text is in a form of Venetian (in which it is called the ''Ritmo Belumat'' or ''Belunéxe''), as indicated by the conjugation of the third person masculine with the clitic ''i'' (as in ''i lo zetta'', which in modern Venetian would be ''i lo ga getà'' or ''i l'à getà'') and the northern tendency to lose final vowels (as in ''Ard'', ''part'', ''cavaler''). The preterite tense, now all but disappeared in Italian, is used (as in ''duse'').〔Arrigo Castellani, ''I più antichi testi italiani: edizione e commento'' (Bologna: Pàtron, 1973), cited in the Italian Wikipedia article.〕
==Notes==
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